Application of stochastic differential equations in risk assessment for flood releases
نویسندگان
چکیده
After analysing the Wiener process characteristics of reservoir storage capacity in flood regulation, an Ito stochastic differential equation including a random input term is proposed to describe and estimate the stochastic reservoir level hydrograph in a flood routing process. An expression of risk for flood release is given and the probability density functions of the reservoir level hydrograph, which are related to the risk of overtopping failure, are computed using a Fokker-Planck equation. Analysed and calculated results indicate that, by using the stochastic differential equations, the uncertainty influence of various random factors on the reservoir level hydrograph can be taken into account in the flood routing process. Therefore, the procedure of evaluating the risk of dam overtopping failure developed in this paper provides an improvement over existing methods. Application des équations différentielles stochastiques à l'évaluation du risque de lâchure de crue Résumé Après avoir analysé les caractéristiques d'un processus de Wiener pour la capacité de stockage d'un réservoir de laminage de crue, l'auteur propose une équation différentielle d'Ito incluant un terme aléatoire pour décrire et estimer de façon stochastique le limnigramme du niveau du réservoir au cours du routage des crues. Une expression du risque de lâchure de crue est proposée. Cette expression de même que la fonction densité de probabilité du niveau du réservoir, qui sont liées au risque de débordement, sont calculées en utilisant une équation de Fokker-Planck. Les résultats analysés et calculés montrent que l'influence des incertitudes de différents facteurs aléatoires sur le niveau du réservoir peut être prise en compte dans le routage des crues grâce aux équations différentielles stochastiques. La procédure d'évaluation du risque de débordement du réservoir présentée ici est donc particulièrement fondée. INTRODUCTION The risk of dam overtopping failure has received increasing attention in recent years. This risk assessment is important in the determination of the dimensions of spillways, their satisfactory operation, and in the assessment of dam safety and investment. Traditionally, to size the spillways, the inflow design flood (IDF) is routed through the reservoir storage, spillways and any other outlet structures that release water downstream. The results of the routing procedure are a reservoir level hydrograph and an outflow hydrograph representing the attenuation of the IDF hydrograph. The spillway capacity can then be judged. Obviously, the risk of flood release associated with the routing process is identified as the probability that the reservoir water level would be at an elevation that would lead to overtopping. This would be caused by inadequate spillway capacity during extreme flood events. In this Open for discussion until 1 December 1998
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